What is the difference between .NET Framework and .NET
Core?
The .NET Framework is a mature and feature-rich
platform primarily used for building Windows-based applications, while .NET Core is
a cross-platform and open-source framework designed for developing applications that
run on Windows, macOS, and Linux. .NET Core is also modular, allowing developers to
include only the required components for their application.
Explain the concept of Common Language Runtime (CLR)
in .NET.
The CLR is the execution environment provided
by .NET. It manages memory, handles automatic memory allocation and deallocation
(garbage collection), performs type checking, enforces security, and manages
exceptions. The CLR ensures that .NET applications run efficiently and securely.
How does ASP.NET differ from ASP.NET Core?
ASP.NET is a web application framework based on
the .NET Framework, whereas ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform web application
framework based on .NET Core. ASP.NET Core offers improved performance, modularity,
and support for modern web development techniques. It also allows developers to
build applications that can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
What are the advantages of using Entity Framework for
database access in .NET?
Entity Framework is an object-relational
mapping (ORM) framework that simplifies database access in .NET applications. Its
advantages include reducing the amount of repetitive code, supporting multiple
database providers, providing a LINQ-based query syntax, and enabling the use of
code-first or database-first approaches to database design.
How does .NET support asynchronous programming?
.NET provides the Task-based Asynchronous
Pattern (TAP) and the async/await keywords to simplify asynchronous programming. TAP
allows developers to write asynchronous code that can perform tasks concurrently
without blocking the execution thread. The async/await keywords make it easier to
write and read asynchronous code, improving responsiveness and scalability.
How would you optimize the performance of a .NET
application?
The candidate should mention techniques like
implementing caching mechanisms, optimizing database queries, using asynchronous
programming for I/O operations, minimizing unnecessary network calls, profiling and
tuning the application, and leveraging caching or CDNs for static content.
Suppose you encounter a memory leak issue in a .NET
application. How would you approach debugging and resolving it?
The candidate should mention steps like using
performance profiling tools to identify memory usage patterns, analyzing object
lifetimes and references, checking for proper disposal of resources, using
memory-profiling tools like dotMemory or ANTS Memory Profiler, and fixing the memory
leaks through code changes.
Describe your process for deploying a .NET application
to a production environment.
The candidate should explain their approach,
including steps like creating deployment packages, configuring environment-specific
settings, performing thorough testing, managing dependencies, ensuring proper
version control, utilizing continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines,
and monitoring the application after deployment.
How would you handle cross-platform compatibility in
a .NET application?
The candidate should mention techniques like
utilizing .NET Standard, which provides a common set of APIs across different .NET
implementations, using platform-specific APIs through abstraction layers, employing
conditional compilation, and testing the application on different platforms to
ensure compatibility.
Suppose you need to integrate a third-party library
into a .NET application. What factors would you consider during the evaluation and
integration process?
The candidate should mention factors like the
library's compatibility with the target .NET version, its reputation, community
support, documentation quality, licensing terms, performance implications, security
considerations, and how well it aligns with the application's requirements.
Can you describe a complex .NET project you worked on?
What challenges did you face, and how did you overcome them?
The candidate should provide an example of a
complex .NET project they were involved in, describe the specific challenges faced,
and explain the actions they took to overcome those challenges. This question
evaluates problem-solving skills, adaptability, and technical expertise.
Tell us about a time when you had to work
collaboratively with a team to deliver a .NET project. How did you contribute to the
team's success?
The candidate should share an experience where
they collaborated with team members, participated in code reviews, communicated
effectively, resolved conflicts, and worked towards common project goals. They
should highlight their teamwork and communication skills.
How do you ensure the security of a .NET application?
The candidate should discuss their approach to
implementing security measures, such as using secure coding practices, applying
input validation and output encoding techniques, implementing authentication and
authorization mechanisms, employing secure communication protocols, and staying
updated with security vulnerabilities and patches.
Describe a situation where you had to refactor
existing .NET code to improve its maintainability or performance. What steps did you
take, and what was the outcome?
The candidate should share an experience where
they refactored .NET code to enhance its readability, modularity, or performance.
They should explain the techniques used, the challenges faced during refactoring,
and the positive impact the refactoring had on the codebase.
Can you describe a time when you had to explain
complex technical concepts or solutions to a non-technical stakeholder? How did you
ensure effective communication?
The candidate should provide an example where
they had to communicate technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders. They
should explain how they simplified complex ideas, used analogies or visual aids, and
adapted their communication style to ensure clear understanding and alignment with
stakeholders' expectations.
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